Quantum logic gates are reversible, unlike many classical logic gates. Unlike many classical logic gates, quantum logic gates are reversible. These gates are the quantum computing equivalent of logic gates in classical computers. Quantum logic gates are represented by unitary matrices. Just as classical computers can be thought of in boolean algebra terms, quantum computers are reasoned about with quantum mechanics. QUANTUM GATES A type of quantum logic gate useful for casting quan-tum algorithms in various computational physics applica-tions is a conservative quantum gate. Quantum gates change the states of one or more qubits which allows calculations to be performed. Some universal classical logic gates, such as the Toffoli gate, provide reversibility and can be directly mapped onto quantum logic gates. It is a 2-qubit uni-versal quantum gate associated with perpendicular pair-wise entanglement. Classical • Quantum Gates • Quantum Circuits • The Future Classical Logic Circuits • Behavior is governed implicitly by classical physics: no restrictions on copying or measuring signals • Signal states are simple bit vectors, e.g. The most common quantum gates operate on spaces of one or two qubits. Quantum mechanics is a mathematical language, much like calculus. We consider the matrix representation of an arbitrary multiqubit gate. Just as classical physics uses calculus to explain nature, quantum physics uses quantum mechanics to explain nature. Here we will specify our model of quantum computation more precisely, and we will point out some basic properties of the model. Chapter 6 Quantum Computation 6.1 Classical Circuits The concept of a quantum computer was introduced in Chapter 1. The quantum gates will be presented starting with the simpler, more common gates working up to less common, more general gates. In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits.They are the building blocks of quantum circuits, like classical logic gates are for conventional digital circuits.. quantum computing. But before we explain what a quantum computer does, perhaps we should say what a classical computer does.
A conservative quantum gate con-serves the \bit count" in the number representation of Optimal implementation of quantum gates is crucial for designing a quantum computer. The ability to manipulate quantum states of light by integrated devices may open new perspectives both for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and for novel technological applications. 7 Outline • Motivation • Quantum vs.
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